As P-type solar solar cells approach the efficiency limit, N-type solar cell technology will become the mainstream direction of future development, among which TOPCon and HJT technologies are the focus of industrial investment and market attention.

TOPCon solar cell mass production efficiency has higher room for improvement, and is compatible with the existing PERC production line, which is a cost-effective technical route in the next 2-3 years;

As a platform technology, HJT solar cell technology not only simplifies the process flow, but can also form a laminated solar cell with IBC and perovskite. The ultimate efficiency is expected to exceed 30%. As the localization of equipment and materials achieves substantial cost reduction, it is expected to become the next A generation of mainstream solar cell technology.

1) From the perspective of efficiency, the theoretical limit efficiency of TOPCon solar cell reaches 28.7%, which is higher than 27.5% of HJT and 24.5% of PERC. From the current mass production efficiency, PERC has reached around 23%, and TOPCon and HJT have exceeded 24%, but there is still a certain gap between the limit efficiency and the efficiency improvement space;

2) From a process point of view, PERC is currently the most mature. TOPCon needs to add diffusion, etching and deposition equipment to the PERC production line, with a small increase in cost; while the HJT solar cell process is the simplest and has the fewest steps (the core process is only 4 steps) , But basically completely replaced the PERC production line. The IBC solar cell process is the most difficult and complex. The need is to provide the production technology threshold with the ion implantation process;

3) From a cost perspective, PERC industrialization is the fastest and has the lowest cost, and TOPCon solar cell has the highest compatibility. It can be upgraded from PERC/PERT production lines, by IBC. HJT solar solar cells are completely incompatible with existing equipment, and new production lines need to be built. The cost is 250 million yuan, which is 200 million yuan higher than that of TOPCon. There is still room for cost reduction.